[NB: These images are copyright]
Three types of cascade have been studied with a view to gas liquefaction
First, work was performed on the simplest possible cascade, chaining the cold outlet of one tube to the inlet of the next:
Such a scheme is wasteful, because the hot outlets of the lower tubes are below the inlet temperature. Two schemes have been investigated with a view to recycling this gas. One mixing the hot outlets with higher inlets.
One using heat exchangers to 'recover the cold':
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